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Relativistic heavy ion collisions generate nuclear-sized droplets ofquark-gluon plasma (QGP) that exhibit nearly inviscid hydrodynamic expansion.Smaller collision systems such as p+Au, d+Au, and $^{3}$He+Au at theRelativistic Heavy Ion Collider, as well as p+Pb and high-multiplicity p+p atthe Large Hadron Collider may create even smaller droplets of QGP. If so, thestandard time evolution paradigm of heavy ion collisions may be extended tothese smaller systems. These small systems present a unique opportunity toexamine pre-hydrodynamic physics and extract properties of the QGP, such as thebulk viscosity, where the short lifetimes of the small droplets makes them moresensitive to these contributions. Here we focus on the influence of bulkviscosity, its temperature dependence, and cavitation effects on the dynamicsin small and large systems using the publicly available hydrodynamic codesSONIC and MUSIC. We also compare pre-hydrodynamic physics in differentframeworks including AdS/CFT strong coupling, IP-GLASMA weak coupling, and freestreaming or no coupling.

The Skinny on Bulk Viscosity and Cavitation in Heavy Ion Collisions