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Within the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, inwhich the Lorentz-covariant treatment of nuclear mean-field potential isconsidered, the fluctuations of net-baryon, net-charge and deuteronsmultiplicity distributions in Au+Au head-on collisions at$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3.0-5.0$ GeV are calculated. The results show that the nuclearmean-field potential can significantly enhance the magnitude of baryon numberfluctuations in narrow rapidity windows, and this enhancement rapidly weakenswith increasing beam energy. However, for proton and net-charge numberfluctuations, the mean-field effects are less noticeable than that for baryonnumber. In addition, for net-charge number fluctuations, the negative binomialdistribution agrees well with the calculated results at mid-pseudorapiditywindow. Finally, the event-by-event fluctuations of deuteron number in thecoalescence production picture are calculated as well, it is found that itscumulant ratios decrease linearly with increasing the average multiplicity ofdeuterons per event, i.e., increase with increasing beam energy.

physical review. c

Beam energy dependence of cumulants of the net-baryon, net-charge and  deuteron multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at  $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3.0-5.0$ GeV