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Following the idea of nucleon clustering and light-nuclei production inrelativistic heavy-ion collisions close to the QCD critical-end point, weaddress the quantum effects affecting the interaction of several nucleons atfinite temperature. For this aim we use the $K$-harmonics method tofour-nucleon states ($\alpha$ particle), and also develop a novel semiclassical"flucton" method at finite temperature, based on certain classical paths inEuclidean time, and apply it to two- and four-particle configurations. To studypossible effects on the light-nuclei production close to the QCD criticalpoint, we also made such calculations with modified internuclear potentials.For heavy-ion experiments, we propose new measurements of light-nucleimultiplicity ratios which may show enhancements due to baryon preclustering. Wepoint out the special role of the $\mathcal{O}(50)$ four-nucleon excitations of$\alpha$-particle, feeding into the final multiplicities of $d,t$, $^3$He and$^4$He, and propose to directly look for their two-body decays.

Baryon preclustering at the freeze-out of heavy-ion collisions and light-nuclei production