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Proton number fluctuation is sensitive observable to search for the QCDcritical point in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we studied rapidityacceptance dependence of the proton cumulants and correlation functions in mostcentral Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5$ GeV from a microscopichadronic transport model (JAM). At mid-rapidity, we found the effects ofresonance weak decays and hadronic re-scattering on the proton cumulants andcorrelation functions are small, but those effects get larger when furtherincreasing the rapidity acceptance. On the other hand, we found the baryonnumber conservation is a dominant background effect on the rapidity acceptancedependence of proton number fluctuations. It leads to a strong suppression ofcumulants and cumulant ratios, as well as the negative proton correlationfunctions. We also studied those two effects on the energy dependence ofcumulant ratios of net-proton distributions in most central Au+Au collisions at$\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5-200$ GeV from JAM model. This work can serve as anon-critical baseline for future QCD critical point search in heavy-ioncollisions at high baryon density region.

physical review. c

Effects of resonance weak decays and hadronic re-scattering on the  proton number fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =  5$ GeV from JAM model