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Two particle correlations have been used extensively to study hydrodynamicflow patterns in heavy-ion collisions. In small collision systems, such as$p$$+$$p$ and $p$$+$$A$, where particle multiplicities are much smaller than in$A$$+$$A$ collisions, non-flow effects from jet correlations, momentumconservation, particle decays, etc. can be significant, even when imposing alarge pseudorapidity gap between the particles. A number of techniques tosubtract the non-flow contribution in two particle correlations have beendeveloped by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and then used tomeasure particle flow in $p$$+$$p$ and $p$$+$Pb collisions. Recently,experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have explored thepossibility of adopting these techniques for small collision systems at lowerenergies. In this paper, we test these techniques using Monte Carlo generatorsPYTHIA and HIJING, which do not include any collective flow, and AMPT, whichdoes. We find that it is crucial to examine the results of such tests both forcorrelations integrated over particle transverse momentum $p_T$ anddifferentially as a function of $p_T$. Our results indicate reasonable non-flowsubtraction for $p$$+$$p$ collisions at the highest LHC energies, while failingif applied to $p$$+$$p$ collisions at RHIC. In the case of $p$$+$Au collisionsat RHIC, both HIJING and AMPT results indicate a substantial over-subtractionof non-flow for $p_{T}\gtrsim1~{\rm GeV}/c$ and hence an underestimate ofelliptic flow.

Examination of Flow and Non-Flow Factorization Methods in Small Collision Systems