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Formation of electronic nematicity is a common thread of unconventionalsuperconductors. In iron-based materials, the long-range nematic order isrevealed by the orthorhombic lattice distortion, which importance is a highlycontroversial topic due the small magnitude of the distortion. Here, we studythe local crystal structure of FeSe and its interaction with electronic degreesof freedom using ultrafast electron diffraction, x-ray pair distributionfunction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy and find a significantlattice response to local nematicity. The study demonstrates how local latticedistortions, which exist even at temperatures above the nematic phasetransition, can be released by photoexcitation, leading to an enhancement ofthe crystalline order. The observed local atomic structures and theirout-of-equilibrium behavior unravel a sophisticated coupling between thelattice and nematic order parameter in FeSe.

Photoinduced ultrafast dynamics of local nematicity and lattice distortions in FeSe crystals