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We present AC and DC magnetometry, heat capacity, muon spin relaxation($\mu$SR) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) studies of thepyrochlore osmate Y$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$. We observe a non-zero effective momentgoverned by $\sqrt{f}\mu_{\rm{eff}} = 0.417(1)\,\mu_{\rm{B}}$ where $f$ is thefraction of Os sites which exhibit a spin, and spin freezing at temperature$T_{\rm f} \simeq 5\,$K, consistent with previous results. The field dependenceof magnetisation data shows that the paramagnetic moment is most likely due tolarge moments $\mu_{\rm eff} \simeq 3\,\mu_{\rm B}$ on only a small fraction $f\simeq 0.02$ of Os sites. Comparison of single-ion energy level calculationswith the RIXS data yields a non-magnetic $J_{\rm eff} = 0$ ground state on theOs$^{4+}$ sites. The spin-orbit interaction, Hund's coupling and trigonaldistortion of OsO$_{6}$ octahedra are all important in modelling theexperimentally observed spectra. We are able to rule out impurity effects,leaving disorder-related effects such as oxygen non-stoichiometry or siteinterchange between Os and Y ions as the most plausible explanation for themagnetic response in this material.

Evidence for $J_{\rm eff} = 0$ ground state and defect-induced spin glass behaviour in the pyrochlore osmate Y$_{2}$Os$_{2}$O$_{7}$