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Within the ground-state auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo technique, weintroduce discrete Hubbard-Stratonovich transformations (HSTs) that aresuitable also for spatially inhomogeneous trial functions. The discreteauxiliary fields introduced here are coupled to local spin or charge operatorsfluctuating around their Hartree-Fock values. The formalism can be consideredas a generalization of the discrete HSTs by Hirsch [J. E. Hirsch, Phys. Rev. B28, 4059 (1983)] or a compactification of the shifted-contour auxiliary-fieldMonte Carlo formalism by Rom et al. [N. Rom et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 270, 382(1997)]. An improvement of the acceptance ratio is found for a real auxiliaryfield, while an improvement of the average sign is found for a pure-imaginaryauxiliary field. Efficiencies of the different HSTs are tested in thesingle-band Hubbard model at and away from half filling by studying thestaggered magnetization and energy expectation values, respectively.

Benchmark study of an auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo technique for the Hubbard model with shifted-discrete Hubbard-Stratonovich transformations