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The effect of an external in-plane electric field on neutral and chargedexciton states in two-dimensional (2D) materials is theoretically investigated.These states are argued to be strongly bound, so that electron-holedissociation is not observed up to high electric field intensities. Trions inthe anisotropic case of monolayer phosphorene are demonstrated to especiallyrobust under electric fields, so that fields as high as 100 kV/cm yield nosignificant effect on the trion binding energy or probability densitydistribution. Polarizabilities of excitons are obtained from the parabolicityof numerically calculated Stark shifts. For trions, a fourth order Stark shiftis observed, which enables the experimental verification of hyperpolarizabilityin 2D materials, as observed in the highly excited states of the Rydberg seriesof atoms and ions.

Stark shift of excitons and trions in two-dimensional materials