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Very recently, twisted graphene bilayer (TGB) around the first magic angle1.1{\deg} has attracted much attention for the realization of exotic quantumstates, such as correlated insulator behavior and unconventionalsuperconductivity. Here we elaborately studied a series of TGBs around thefirst magic angle engineered by heterostrain, where each layer is strainedindependently. Our experiment indicated that a moderate heterostrain enablesthe structural evolution from the small-angle TGB ( ~ 1.5{\deg}) to thestrained magic-angle TGB ({\theta} ~ 1.1{\deg}), exhibiting the characteristiclow-energy flat bands. The heterostrain can even drive the system into highlystrained tiny-angle TGBs ({\theta} << 1.1{\deg}) with large deformed tetragonalsuperlattices, where a unique network of topological helical edge statesemerges. Furthermore, the predicted domain wall modes, which are stronglylocalized and result in hexagon-triangle-mixed frustrated lattice derived fromKagome lattice, are observed in the strained tiny-angle TGBs.

Heterostrain engineering on twisted graphene bilayer around the first magic angle