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Rare-earth ion doped crystals are promising systems for quantum communicationand quantum information processing. In particular, paramagnetic rare-earthcentres can be utilized to realize quantum coherent interfaces simultaneouslyfor optical and microwave photons. In this article, we study hyperfine andmagnetic properties of a Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal doped with $^{171}$Yb$^{3+}$ions. This isotope is particularly interesting since it is the only rare--earthion having electronic spin $S=\frac{1}{2}$ and nuclear spin $I=\frac{1}{2}$,which results in the simplest possible hyperfine level structure. In this workwe determine the hyperfine tensors for the ground and excited states on theoptical $^2$F$_{7/2}(0) \longleftrightarrow ^2$F$_{5/2}$(0) transition bycombining spectral holeburning and optically detected magnetic resonancetechniques. The resulting spin Hamiltonians correctly predict themagnetic-field dependence of all observed optical-hyperfine transitions, fromzero applied field to the high-field regime where the Zeeman interaction isdominating. Using the optical absorption spectrum we can also determine theorder of the hyperfine levels in both states. These results pave the way forrealizing solid-state optical and microwave quantum memories based on a$^{171}$Yb$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal.

Spectroscopic study of hyperfine properties in $^{171}$Yb$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$