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We employ an atomic-scale theory within the framework of nonaffine latticedynamics to uncover the origin of the Johari-Goldstein (JG) $\beta$-relaxationin metallic glasses (MGs). Combining simulation and experimental data with ourtheoretical approach, we reveal that the large mass asymmetry between theelements in a La$_{60}$Ni$_{15}$Al$_{25}$ MG leads to a clear separation in therespective relaxation time scales, giving strong evidence that JG relaxation iscontrolled by the lightest atomic species present. Moreover, we show that onlyqualitative features of the vibrational density of states determine the overallobserved mechanical response of the glass, paving the way for a possibleunified theory of secondary relaxations in glasses.

Possible origin of $\beta$-relaxation in amorphous metal alloys from atomic-mass differences of the constituents