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Brownian microparticles diffusing in optical potential energy landscapesconstitute a generic testbed for nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics andhas been used to emulate a wide variety of physical systems, ranging fromJosephson junctions to Stirling engines. Here we demonstrate that it ispossible to scale down this approach to nanometric length-scales byconstructing a tilted washboard potential for the rotation of plasmonic goldnanorods. The potential depth and tilt can be precisely adjusted by modulatingthe light polarization. This allows for a gradual transition from continuousrotation to discrete stochastic jumps, which are found to follow Kramersdynamics in excellent agreement with stochastic simulations. The results widenthe possibilities for fundamental experiments in statistical physics andprovide new insights in how to construct light-driven nanomachines andmultifunctional sensing elements.

Optically Controlled Stochastic Jumps of Individual Gold Nanorod Rotary Motors