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The origin of incommensurate structural modulation in Ni-Mn based Heuslertype magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) is still an unresolved issue inspiteof intense focus on this due to its role in the magnetic field inducedultra-high strains. In the archetypal MSMA Ni2MnGa, the observation ofnon-uniform displacement of atoms from their mean positions in the modulatedmartensite phase, premartensite phase and charge density wave as well as thepresence of phason broadening of satellite peaks have been taken in support ofthe electronic instability model linked with a soft acoustic phonon. We presenthere results of a combined high resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction(SXRPD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) study on Ni2Mn1.4In0.6 using(3+1)D superspace group approach, which reveal not only uniform atomicdisplacements in the modulated structure of the martensite phase withphysically acceptable ordered magnetic moments in the antiferromagnetic phaseat low temperatures but also the absence of any premartensite phase and phasonbroadening of the satellite peaks. Our HRTEM studies and first principlescalculations of the ground state also support uniform atomic displacementspredicted by powder diffraction studies. All these observations suggest thatthe structural modulation in the martensite phase of Ni2Mn1.4In0.6 MSMA can beexplained in terms of the adaptive phase model. The present study underlinesthe importance of superspace group analysis using complimentary SXRPD and NPDin understanding the physics of the origin of modulation as well as themagnetic and the modulated ground states of the Heusler type MSMAs. Our workalso highlights the fact that the mechanism responsible for the origin ofmodulated structure in different Ni-Mn based MSMAs may not be universal and itmust be investigated thoroughly in different alloy compositions.

Adaptive modulation in Ni2Mn1.4In0.6 magnetic shape memory Heusler alloy