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Using a tight-binding description, we show how the zero-dimensional statebound to the edge of a single one-dimensional helical chain of tellurium atomsevolves into two-dimensional states on the c-axis surface of thethree-dimensional trigonal bulk. We give an effective Hamiltonian descriptionof its dispersion in k-space by exploiting confinement to a virtual bilayer,and elaborate on the diminished role of spin-orbit coupling. Thesepreviously-unidentified intrinsic gap-penetrating surface bands were neglectedin the interpretation of seminal experiments, where two-dimensional transportwas otherwise attributed to extrinsic accumulation layers.

Intrinsic two-dimensional state on the pristine surface of tellurium