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Interactions between charge carriers in graphene lead to logarithmicrenormalization of observables mimicking the behavior known in(3+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED). Here we analyze softelectron-hole (e-h) excitations generated as a result of fast charge dynamics,a direct analog of the signature QED effect - multiple soft photons produced bythe QED vacuum shakeup. We show that such excitations are generated in photonabsorption, when a photogenerated high-energy e-h pair cascades down in energyand gives rise to multiple soft e-h excitations. This fundamental process ismanifested in a double-log divergence in the emission rate of soft pairs and acharacteristic power-law divergence in their energy spectrum of the form$\frac{1}{\omega}\ln \left(\frac{\omega}{\Delta}\right) $. Strongcarrier-carrier interactions make pair production a prominent pathway in thephotoexcitation cascade.

Soft pair excitations and double-log divergences due to carrier interactions in graphene