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We report on ultrafast electron diffraction on high quality single crystalsilicon. The ultrafast dynamics of the Bragg peaks exhibits a giantphoto-induced response which can only be explained in the framework ofdynamical diffraction theory, taking into account multiple scattering of theprobing electrons in the sample. In particular, we show that lattice heatingfollowing photo-excitation can cause an unexpected increase of the Bragg peakintensities, in contradiction with the well-known Debye-Waller effect. Weanticipate that multiple scattering should be systematically considered inultrafast electron diffraction on high quality crystals as it dominates theBragg peak dynamics. In addition, taking into account multiple scatteringeffects opens the way to quantitative studies of non-equilibrium dynamics ofdefects in quasi-perfect crystals.

Observation of large multiple scattering effects in ultrafast electron diffraction on single crystal silicon