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Single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies with synchrotron radiation on thehoneycomb iridate $\alpha$-Li$_{2}$IrO$_{3}$ reveal a pressure-inducedstructural phase transition with symmetry lowering from monoclinic to triclinicat a critical pressure of $P_{c}$ = 3.8 GPa. According to the evolution of thelattice parameters with pressure, the transition mainly affects the $ab$ planeand thereby the Ir hexagon network, leading to the formation of Ir--Ir dimers.These observations are independently predicted and corroborated by our\textit{ab initio} density functional theory calculations where we find thatthe appearance of Ir--Ir dimers at finite pressure is a consequence of a subtleinterplay between magnetism, correlation, spin-orbit coupling, and covalentbonding. Our results further suggest that at $P_{c}$ the system undergoes amagnetic collapse. Finally we provide a general picture of competinginteractions for the honeycomb lattices $A_{2}$$M$O$_{3}$ with $A$= Li, Na and$M$ = Ir, Ru.

Competition between spin-orbit coupling, magnetism, and dimerization in the honeycomb iridates: $\alpha$-Li$_{2}$IrO$_{3}$ under pressure