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By efficient nanoscale plasma etching, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers indiamond were brought to the sample surface step by step successfully. At eachdepth, we used the relative ratios of spin coherence times before and afterapplying external spins on the surface to present the decoherence, andinvestigated the relationships between depth and ratios. The values of relativeratios declined and then rised with the decreasing depth, which was attributedto the decoherence influenced by external spins, surface spins, discretesurface spin effects and electric field noise. Moreover, our work revealed acharacteristic depth at which the NV center would experience relatively thestrongest decoherence caused by external spins in consideration of inevitablesurface spins. And the characteristic depth was found depending on the adjacentenvironments of NV centers and the density of surface spins.

Depth dependent decoherence caused by surface and external spins for NV centers in diamond