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Spin-memory loss (SML) of electrons traversingferromagnetic-metal/heavy-metal (FM/HM), FM/normal-metal (FM/NM) and HM/NMinterfaces is a fundamental phenomenon that must be invoked to explainconsistently large number of spintronic experiments. However, its strengthextracted by fitting experimental data to phenomenological semiclassicaltheory, which replaces each interface by a fictitious bulk diffusive layer, ispoorly understood from a microscopic quantum framework and/or materialsproperties. Here we describe an ensemble of flowing spin quantum states usingspin-density matrix, so that SML is measured like any decoherence process bythe decay of its off-diagonal elements or, equivalently, by the reduction ofthe magnitude of polarization vector. By combining this framework with densityfunctional theory (DFT), we examine how all three components of thepolarization vector change at Co/Ta, Co/Pt, Co/Cu, Pt/Cu and Pt/Au interfacesembedded within Cu/FM/HM/Cu vertical heterostructures. In addition, we use abinitio Green's functions to compute spectral functions and spin textures overFM, HM and NM monolayers around these interfaces which quantify interfacialspin-orbit coupling and explain the microscopic origin of SML in long-standingpuzzles, such as why it is nonzero at Co/Cu interface; why it is very large atPt/Cu interface; and why it occurs even in the absence of disorder, intermixingand magnons at the interface.

Spin-memory loss due to spin-orbit coupling at ferromagnet/heavy-metal interfaces: Ab initio spin-density matrix approach