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The phase diagram associated with the high Tc superconductors is complicatedby an array of different ground states. The parent material represents anantiferromagnetic insulator but with doping superconductivity becomes possiblewith transition temperatures previously thought unattainable. The underdopedregion of the phase diagram is dominated by the so-called pseudogap phenomenawhereby in the normal state the system mimics superconductivity in its spectraresponse but does not show the complete loss of resistivity associated with thesuperconducting state. An understanding of this regime presents one of thegreat challenges for the field. In the present study we revisit the structureof the phase diagram as determined in photoemission studies. By carefulanalysis of the role of nanoscale inhomogeneities in the overdoped region weare able to more carefully separate out the gaps due to the pseudogap phenomenafrom the gaps due to the superconducting transition. Within a mean fielddescription we are thus able to link the magnitude of the gap directly to theHeisenberg exchange interaction term, $J\sum{s_i \cdot s_j}$, contained in the$t-J$ model. This approach provides a clear indication that the pseudogap isthat associated with spin singlet formation.

The cuprate phase diagram and the influence of nanoscale inhomogeneities