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We investigate the demagnetization dynamics of the cycloidal and sinusoidalphases of multiferroic TbMnO$_3$ by means of time-resolved resonant soft x-raydiffraction following excitation by an optical pump. Using orthogonal linearx-ray polarizations, we suceeded in disentangling the response of themultiferroic cycloidal spin order from the sinusoidal antiferromagnetic orderin the time domain. This enables us to identify the transient magnetic phasecreated by intense photoexcitation of the electrons and subsequent heating ofthe spin system on a picosecond timescale. The transient phase is shown to be aspin density wave, as in the adiabatic case, which nevertheless retains thewave vector of the cycloidal long range order. Two different pump photonenergies, 1.55 eV and 3.1 eV, lead to population of the conduction bandpredominantly via intersite $d$-$d$ transitions or intrasite $p$-$d$transitions, respectively. We find that the nature of the optical excitationdoes not play an important role in determining the dynamics of magnetic ordermelting. Further, we observe that the orbital reconstruction, which is inducedby the spin ordering, disappears on a timescale comparable to that of thecycloidal order, attesting to a direct coupling between magnetic and orbitalorders. Our observations are discussed in the context of recent theoreticalmodels of demagnetization dynamics in strongly correlated systems, revealingthe potential of this type of measurement as a benchmark for such complextheoretical studies.

Dynamic pathway of the photoinduced phase transition of TbMnO$_3$