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We study the magnetic interactions in atomic layers of Fe and 5dtransition-metals such as Os, Ir, and Pt on the (001) surface of Rh usingfirst-principles calculations based on density functional theory. For bothstackings of the 5d-Fe bilayer on Rh(001) we observe a transition from anantiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange interaction upon5d band filling. In the sandwich structure 5d/Fe/Rh(001) the nearest neighborexchange is significantly reduced. For FeIr bilayers on Rh(001) we considerspin spiral states in order to determine exchange constants beyond nearestneighbors. By including spin-orbit coupling we obtain the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriyainteraction (DMI). The magnetic interactions in Fe/Ir/Rh(001) are similar tothose of Fe/Ir(001) for which an atomic scale spin lattice has been predicted.However, small deviations between both systems remain due to the differentlattice constants and the Rh vs. Ir surface layers. This leads to slightlydifferent exchange constants and DMI and the easy magnetization directionswitches from out-of-plane for Fe/Ir(001) to in-plane for Fe/Ir/Rh(001).Therefore a fine tuning of magnetic interactions is possible by using single 5dtransition-metal layers which may allow to tailor antiferromagnetic skyrmionsin this type of ultrathin films. In the sandwich structure Ir/Fe/Rh(001) wefind a strong exchange frustration due to strong hybridization of the Fe layerwith both Ir and Rh which drastically reduces the nearest-neighbor exchange.The energy contribution from the DMI becomes extremely large and DMI beyondnearest neighbors cannot be neglected. We attribute the large DMI to the lowcoordination of the Ir layer at the surface. We demonstrate that higher- orderexchange interactions are significant in both systems which may be crucial forthe magnetic ground state.

Dzyaloshinskii-Moryia interaction at an antiferromagnetic interface: first-principles study of FeIr bilayers on Rh(001)