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We study Rabi oscillations detected in the coherent optical response fromvarious exciton complexes in a 20~nm-thick CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum well usingtime-resolved photon echoes. In order to evaluate the role of excitonlocalization and inhomogeneous broadening we use selective excitation withspectrally narrow ps-pulses. We demonstrate that the transient profile of thephoton echo from the localized trion (X$^-$) and the donor-bound exciton(D$^0$X) transitions strongly depends on the strength of the first pulse. Itacquires a non-Gaussian shape and experiences significant advancement for pulseareas larger than $\pi$ due to non-negligible inhomogeneity-induced dephasingof the oscillators during the optical excitation. Next, we observe that anincrease of the area of either the first (excitation) or the second (rephasing)pulse leads to a significant damping of the photon echo signal, which isstrongest for the neutral excitons and less pronounced for the donor-boundexciton complex (D$^0$X). The measurements are analyzed using a theoreticalmodel based on the optical Bloch equations which accounts for the inhomogeneityof optical transitions in order to reproduce the complex shape of the photonecho transients. In addition, the spreading of Rabi frequencies within theensemble due to the spatial variation of the intensity of the focused Gaussianbeams and excitation-induced dephasing are required to explain the fading anddamping of Rabi oscillations. By analyzing the results of the simulation forthe X$^-$ and the D$^0$X complexes we are able to establish a correlationbetween the degree of localization and the transition dipole moments determinedas $\mu($X$^-$)=73~D and $\mu($D$^0$X)=58~D.

Damping of Rabi oscillations in intensity-dependent photon echoes from exciton complexes in a CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te single quantum well