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We study, by means of the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG)technique, the evolution of the ground state in a one-dimensional topologicalinsulator, from the non-interacting to the strongly-interacting limit, wherethe system can be mapped onto a topological Kondo-insulator model. We focus ona toy model Hamiltonian (i.e., the interacting "$sp$-ladder" model), whichcould be experimentally realized in optical lattices with higher orbitalsloaded with ultra-cold fermionic atoms. Our goal is to shed light on theemergence of the strongly-interacting ground state and its topologicalclassification as the Hubbard-$U$ interaction parameter of the model isincreased. Our numerical results show that the ground state can be genericallyclassified as a symmetry-protected topological phase of the Haldane-type, evenin the non-interacting case $U=0$ where the system can be additionallyclassified as a time-reversal $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$-topological insulator, andevolves adiabatically between the non-interacting and strongly interactinglimits.

physical review. b./physical review. b

Topological Kondo insulators in one dimension: Continuous Haldane-type  ground-state evolution from the strongly-interacting to the non-interacting  limit