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We have carried out the transient nonlinear transport measurements on thelayered cobalt oxide Ca$_3$Co$_{4}$O$_9$, in which a spin density wave (SDW)transition is proposed at $T_{\rm SDW} \simeq 30$ K. We find that, below$T_{\rm SDW}$, the electrical conductivity systematically varies with both theapplied current and the time, indicating a close relationship between theobserved nonlinear conduction and the SDW order in this material. The timedependence of the conductivity is well analyzed by considering the dynamics ofSDW which involves a low-field deformation and a sliding motion above athreshold field. We also measure the transport properties of the isovalentSr-substituted systems to examine an impurity effect on the nonlinear response,and discuss the obtained threshold fields in terms of thermal fluctuations ofthe SDW order parameter.

Nonlinear transport associated with spin-density-wave dynamics in Ca$_3$Co$_{4}$O$_9$