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Electrical currents in a magnetic insulator/heavy metal heterostructure caninduce two simultaneous effects, namely, spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) onthe heavy metal side and spin-orbit torques (SOTs) on the magnetic insulatorside. Within the framework of the pure spin current model based on the bulkspin Hall effect (SHE), the ratio of the spin Hall-induced anomalous Halleffect (SH-AHE) to SMR should be equal to the ratio of the field-like torque(FLT) to damping-like torque (DLT). We perform a quantitative study of SMR,SH-AHE, and SOTs in a series of thulium iron garnet/platinum or Tm3Fe5O12/Ptheterostructures with different Tm3Fe5O12 thicknesses, where Tm3Fe5O12 is aferrimagnetic insulator with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We find theratio between measured effective fields of FLT and DLT is at least 2 timeslarger than the ratio of the SH-AHE to SMR. In addition, the bulk SHE modelgrossly underestimates the spin torque efficiency of FLT. Our results revealdeficiencies of the bulk SHE model and also address the importance ofinterfacial effects such as the Rashba and magnetic proximity effects inmagnetic insulator/heavy metal heterostructures.

Deficiency of the Bulk Spin Hall Effect Model for Spin-Orbit Torques in Magnetic Insulator/Heavy Metal Heterostructures