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Transport and magnetic studies of PbTaSe$_2$ under pressure suggest existenceof two superconducting phases with the low temperature phase boundary at $\sim0.25$ GPa that is defined by a very sharp, first order, phase transition. Thefirst order phase transition line can be followed via pressure dependentresistivity measurements, and is found to be near 0.12 GPa near roomtemperature. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction at elevatedtemperatures confirm that this first order phase transition is structural andoccurs at ambient pressure near $\sim 425$ K. The new, high temperature / highpressure phase has a similar crystal structure and slightly lower unit cellvolume relative to the ambient pressure, room temperature structure. Based onfirst-principles calculations this structure is suggested to be obtained byshifting the Pb atoms from the $1a$ to $1e$ Wyckoff position without changingthe positions of Ta and Se atoms. PbTaSe$_2$ has an exceptionally pressuresensitive, structural phase transition with $\Delta T_s/\Delta P \approx -1700$ K/GPa near 4 K, this first order transition causes an $\sim 1$ K ($\sim25 \%$) step - like decrease in $T_c$ as pressure is increased through 0.25GPa.

Highly responsive ground state of PbTaSe$_2$: structural phase transition and evolution of superconductivity under pressure