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Thermodynamic properties as well as low-energy magnon excitations of $S=1$honeycomb-layered Na$_3$Ni$_2$SbO$_6$ have been investigated by high-resolutiondilatometry, static magnetisation, and high-frequency electron spin resonancestudies in magnetic fields up to 16 T. At $T_{\rm N}$ = 16.5 K, there is atricritical point separating two distinct antiferromagnetic phases AF1 and AF2from the paramagnetic regime. In addition, our data imply short-rangeantiferromagnetic correlations at least up to $\sim 5\cdot T_{\rm N}$. Wellbelow $T_{\rm N}$, the magnetic field $B_{\rm C1}\approx$ 9.5 T is needed tostabilize AF2 against AF1. The thermal expansion and magnetostriction anomaliesat $T_{\rm N}$ and $B_{\rm C1}$ imply significant magnetoelastic coupling, bothof which associated with a sign change of $\partial L/\partial B$. Thetransition at $B_{\rm C1}$ is associated with softening of theantiferromagnetic resonance modes observed in the electron spin resonancespectra. The anisotropy gap $\Delta = 360$ GHz implies considerable uniaxialanisotropy. We conclude the crucial role of axial anisotropy favoring the AF1spin structure over the AF2 one. While the magnetostriction data disprove asimple spin-flop scenario at $B_{\rm C1}$, the nature of a second transition at$B_{\rm C2}\approx$ 13 T remains unclear. Both the sign of the magnetostrictionand Gr\"uneisen analysis suggest the short-range correlations at hightemperatures to be of AF2-type.

Anisotropy governed competition of magnetic phases in the honeycomb quantum magnet Na$_3$Ni$_2$SbO$_6$ studied by dilatometry and high-frequency ESR