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The spin-Seebeck effect refers to voltage signals induced in metals bythermally driven spin currents in adjacent magnetic systems. We present atheory of the spin-Seebeck signal in the case where the conductor that supportsthe voltage signal is the topologically protected two-dimensional surface-statesystem at the interface between a ferromagnetic insulator (FI) and atopological insulator (TI). Our theory uses a Dirac model for the TIsurface-states and assumes Heisenberg exchange coupling between the TIquasiparticles and the FI magnetization. The spin-Seebeck voltage is induced bythe TI surface states scattering off the nonequilibrium magnon population atthe surface of the semi-infinite thermally driven FI. Our theory is readilygeneralized to spin-Seebeck voltages in any two-dimensional conductor that isexchange-coupled to the surface of a FI. Surface-statecarrier-density-dependent signal strengths calculated using Bi$_2$Te$_3$ andyttrium iron garnet material parameters are consistent with recent experiments.

Theory of the Spin Seebeck Effect at a Topological-Insulator/Ferromagnetic-Insulator Interface