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Our predictions, based on density-functional calculations, reveal thatsurface doping of ZnO nanowires with Bi leads to a linear-in-$k$ splitting ofthe conduction-band states, through spin-orbit interaction, due to the loweringof the symmetry in the presence of the dopant. This finding implies that spinpolarization of the conduction electrons in Bi-doped ZnO nanowires could becontrolled with applied electric (as opposed to magnetic) fields, making themcandidate materials for spin-orbitronic applications. Our findings also showthat the degree of spin splitting could be tuned by adjusting the dopantconcentration. Defect calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulationsindicate that stable doping configurations exhibiting the foregoinglinear-in-$k$ splitting could be realized under reasonable thermodynamicconditions.

Doping-induced spin-orbit splitting in Bi-doped ZnO nanowires