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Electron transport in small graphene nanoribbons is studied by microwaveemulation experiments and tight-binding calculations. In particular, it isinvestigated under which conditions a transport gap can be observed. Ourexperiments provide evidence that armchair ribbons of width $3m+2$ with integer$m$ are metallic and otherwise semiconducting, whereas zigzag ribbons aremetallic independent of their width. The contact geometry, defining to whichatoms at the ribbon edges the source and drain leads are attached, has strongeffects on the transport. If leads are attached only to the inner atoms ofzigzag edges, broad transport gaps can be observed in all armchair ribbons aswell as in rhomboid-shaped zigzag ribbons. All experimental results agreequalitatively with tight-binding calculations using the nonequilibrium Green'sfunction method.

Transport gap engineering by contact geometry in graphene nanoribbons: Experimental and theoretical studies on artificial materials