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The currently accepted magnetic ground state of Sr2IrO4 (the -++- state)preserves inversion symmetry. This is at odds, though, with recent experimentsthat indicate a magnetoelectric ground state, leading to the speculation thatorbital currents or more exotic magnetic multipoles might exist in thismaterial. Here, we analyze various magnetic configurations and demonstrate thattwo of them, the magnetoelectric -+-+ state and the non-magnetoelectric ++++state, can explain these recent second-harmonic generation (SHG) experiments,obviating the need to invoke orbital currents. The SHG-probed magnetic orderparameter has the symmetry of a parity-breaking multipole in the -+-+ state andof a parity-preserving multipole in the ++++ state. We speculate that eithermight have been created by the laser pump used in the experiments. Analternative is that the observed magnetic SHG signal is a surface effect. Wesuggest experiments that could be performed to test these variouspossibilities, and also address the important issue of the suppression of theRXS intensity at the L2 edge.

The magnetic ground state of Sr2IrO4 and implications for second-harmonic generation