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Renowned for its sensitivity to detect the presence of numerous substances,graphene is an excellent chemical sensor. Unfortunately, which general featuresa dopant must have in order to enter the list of substances detectable bygraphene are not exactly known. Here we demonstrate with a simple modelcalculation implemented in three different ways that one of such features isthe symmetry properties of the impurity binding to graphene. In particular, weshow that electronic scattering is suppressed when dopants are boundsymmetrically to both graphene sub-lattices, giving rise to impurityinvisibility. In contrast, dopants that affect the two sublatticesasymmetrically are more strongly scattered and therefore the most likelycandidates to being chemically sensed by graphene. Furthermore, we demonstratethat impurity invisibility is lifted with the introduction of asymmetry-breaking perturbation such as uniaxial strain. In this case, graphenewith sublattice-symmetric dopants will function as efficient strain sensors. Weargue that by classifying dopants through their bonding symmetry leads to amore efficient way of identifying suitable components for graphene-basedsensors.

Impurity invisibility in graphene: Symmetry guidelines for the design of efficient sensors