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In this study, we reanalyze the magnetic interactions in the Kitaev spinliquid candidate materials Na$_2$IrO$_3$, $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, and$\alpha$-Li$_2$IrO$_3$ using nonperturbative exact diagonalization methods.These methods are more appropriate given the relatively itinerant nature of thesystems suggested in previous works. We treat all interactions up to thirdneighbours on equal footing. The computed terms reveal significant long rangecoupling, bond-anisotropy, and/or off-diagonal couplings which we arguenaturally explain the observed ordered phases in these systems. Given theseobservations, the potential for realizing the spin-liquid state in realmaterials is analyzed, and synthetic challenges are defined and explained.

Challenges in Design of Kitaev Materials: Magnetic Interactions from Competing Energy Scales