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We demonstrate that ultrafast carrier excitation can drastically affectelectronic structures and induce brief surface plasmonic response innon-plasmonic metals, potentially creating a plasmonic switch. Usingfirst-principles molecular dynamics and Kubo-Greenwood formalism forlaser-excited tungsten we show that carrier heating mobilizes d electrons intocollective inter and intraband transitions leading to a sign flip in theimaginary optical conductivity, activating plasmonic properties for the initialnon-plasmonic phase. The drive for the optical evolution can be visualized asan increasingly damped quasi-resonance at visible frequencies for pumpingcarriers across a chemical potential located in a d-band pseudo-gap withenergy-dependent degree of occupation. The subsequent evolution of opticalindices for the excited material is confirmed by time-resolved ultrafastellipsometry. The large optical tunability extends the existence spectraldomain of surface plasmons in ranges typically claimed in laser self-organizednanostructuring. Non-equilibrium heating is thus a strong factor forengineering optical control of evanescent excitation waves, particularlyimportant in laser nanostructuring strategies.

Ultrafast Surface Plasmonic Switch in Non-Plasmonic Metals