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Spectral diffusion arising from $^{29}$Si nuclear spin flip-flops, known tobe a primary source of electron spin decoherence in silicon, is also predictedto limit the coherence times of neutral donor nuclear spins in silicon. Here,the impact of this mechanism on $^{31}$P nuclear spin coherence is measured asa function of $^{29}$Si concentration using X-band pulsed electron nucleardouble resonance (ENDOR). The $^{31}$P nuclear spin echo decays show thatdecoherence is controlled by $^{29}$Si flip-flops resulting in both fast(exponential) and slow (non-exponential) spectral diffusion processes. Thedecay times span a range from 100 ms in crystals containing 50% $^{29}$Si to 3s in crystals containing 1% $^{29}$Si. These nuclear spin echo decay times forneutral donors are orders of magnitude longer than those reported for ionizeddonors in natural silicon. The electron spin of the neutral donors `protects'the donor nuclear spins by suppressing $^{29}$Si flip-flops within a `frozencore', as a result of the detuning of the $^{29}$Si spins caused by theirhyperfine coupling to the electron spin.

Nuclear spin decoherence of neutral $^{31}$P donors in silicon: Effect of environmental $^{29}$Si nuclei