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Disorder induced melting, where the increase in positional entropy created byrandom pinning sites drives the order-disorder transition in a periodic solid,provides an alternate route to the more conventional thermal melting. Here,using real space imaging of the vortex lattice through scanning tunnelingspectroscopy, we show that in the presence of weak pinning, the vortex latticein a type II superconductor disorders through two distinct topologicaltransitions. Across each transition, we separately identify metastable statesformed through superheating of the low temperature state or supercooling of thehigh temperature state. Comparing crystals with different levels of pinning weconclude that the two-step melting is fundamentally associated with thepresence of random pinning which generates topological defects in the orderedvortex lattice.

Disorder-induced two-step melting of vortex matter in Co-intercalated NbSe$_2$ single crystals