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We show how the elusive toroidal dipole moment appears as a radiativeexcitation eigenmode in a metamolecule resonator that is formed by pairs ofplasmonic nanorods. We analyze one such nanorod configuration - a toroidalmetamolecule. We find that the radiative interactions in the toroidalmetamolecule can be qualitatively represented by a theoretical model based onan electric point dipole arrangement. Both a finite-size rod model and thepoint dipole approximation demonstrate how the toroidal dipole moment issubradiant and difficult to excite by incident light. By means of breaking thegeometric symmetry of the metamolecule, the toroidal mode can be excited bylinearly polarized light and appears as a Fano resonance dip in the forwardscattered light. We provide simple optimization protocols for maximizing thetoroidal dipole mode excitation. This opens up possibilities for simplifiedcontrol and driving of metamaterial arrays consisting of toroidal dipoleunit-cell resonators.

Toroidal dipole excitations in metamolecules formed by interacting plasmonic nanorods