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Spectral and transport properties of electrons in confined phosphorenesystems are investigated in a five hopping parameter tight-binding model, usinganalytical and numerical techniques. The main emphasis is on the properties ofthe topological edge states accommodated by the quasi-flat band thatcharacterizes the phosphorene energy spectrum. We show, in the particular caseof phosphorene, how the breaking of the bipartite lattice structure gives riseto the electron-hole asymmetry of the energy spectrum. The properties of thetopological edge states in the zig-zag nanoribbons are analyzed under differentaspects: degeneracy, localization, extension in the Brillouin zone, dispersionof the quasi-flat band in magnetic field. The finite-size phosphorene plaquetteexhibits a Hofstadter-type spectrum made up of two unequal butterfliesseparated by a gap, where a quasi-flat band composed of zig-zag edge states islocated. The transport properties are investigated by simulating a four-leadHall device (importantly, all leads are attached on the same zig-zag side), andusing the Landauer-Buttiker formalism. We find out that the chiral edge statesdue to the magnetic field yield quantum Hall plateaus, but the topological edgestates in the gap do not support the quantum Hall effect and prove adissipative behavior. By calculating the complex eigenenergies of thenon-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian that describes the open system(plaquette+leads), we prove the superradiance effect in the energy range of thequasi-flat band, with consequences for the density of states and electrontransmission properties.

Phosphorene confined systems in magnetic field, quantum transport, and superradiance in the quasi-flat band