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Thermally-driven spin-transfer torques have recently been reported inelectrically insulating ferromagnet$|$normal-metal heterostructures. In thispaper, we propose two physically distinct mechanisms for such torques. Thefirst is a local effect: out-of-equilibrium, thermally-activated magnons in theferromagnet, driven by a spin Seebeck effect, exert a torque on themagnetization via magnon-magnon scattering with coherent dynamics. The secondis a nonlocal effect which requires an additional magnetic layer to provide thesymmetry breaking necessary to realize a thermal torque. The simplest structurein which to induce a nonlocal thermal torque is a spin valve composed of twoinsulating magnets separated by a normal metal spacer; there, a thermal fluxgenerates a pure spin current through the spin valve, which results in a torquewhen the magnetizations of the layers are misaligned.

Thermally-driven spin torques in layered magnetic insulators