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We demonstrate enhanced light extraction for monochrome top-emitting organiclight-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The enhancement by a factor of 1.2 compared to areference sample is caused by the use of a hole transport layer (HTL) materialpossessing a low refractive index (1.52). The low refractive index reduces thein-plane wave vector of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excited at theinterface between the bottom opaque metallic electrode (anode) and the HTL. Theshift of the SPP dispersion relation decreases the power dissipated into lostevanescent excitations and thus increases the outcoupling efficiency, althoughthe SPP remains constant in intensity. The proposed method is suitable foremitter materials owning isotropic orientation of the transition dipole momentsas well as anisotropic, preferentially horizontal orientation, resulting incomparable enhancement factors. Furthermore, for sufficiently low refractiveindices of the HTL material, the SPP can be modeled as a propagating plane wavewithin other organic materials in the optical microcavity. Thus, by applyingfurther extraction methods, such as micro lenses or Bragg gratings, it wouldbecome feasible to obtain even higher enhancements of the light extraction.

Enhanced light emission from top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes by optimizing surface plasmon polariton losses