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Nonlinear metasurfaces based on coupling a locally enhanced plasmonicresponse to intersubband transitions of n-doped multi-quantum-wells (MQWs) haverecently provided second-order susceptibilities orders of magnitude larger thanany other nonlinear flat structure measured so far. Here, we present acomprehensive theory to characterize the electromagnetic response of nonlinearprocesses occurring in ultrathin MQW-based plasmonic metasurfaces, providing ahomogeneous model that takes phase-matching at the unit-cell level and theinfluence of saturation and losses into account. In addition, the limitsimposed by saturation of the MQW transitions on the nonlinear response of thesemetasurfaces are analytically derived, revealing useful guidelines to designdevices with enhanced performance. Our approach is first validated usingexperimental data and then applied to theoretically investigate novel designsable to achieve significant second-harmonic generation efficiency in theinfrared frequency band.

Nonlinear Processes in Multi-Quantum-Well Plasmonic Metasurfaces:Electromagnetic Response, Saturation Effects, Limits and Potentials