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Unidirectional and robust transport is generally observed at the edge of two-or three-dimensional quantum Hall and topological insulator systems. A hallmarkof these systems is topological protection, i.e. the existence of propagativeedge states that cannot be scattered by imperfections or disorder in thesystem. A different and less explored form of robust transport arises innon-Hermitian systems in the presence of an {\it imaginary} gauge field. Ascompared to topologically-protected transport in quantum Hall and topologicalinsulator systems, robust non-Hermitian transport can be observed in {\itlower} dimensional (i.e. one dimensional) systems. In this work the transportproperties of one-dimensional tight-binding lattices with an imaginary gaugefield are theoretically investigated, and the physical mechanism underlyingrobust one-way transport is highlighted. Back scattering is here forbiddenbecause reflected waves are evanescent rather than propagative. Remarkably, thespectral transmission of the non-Hermitian lattice is shown to be mapped intothe one of the corresponding Hermitian lattice, i.e. without the gauge field,{\it but} computed in the complex plane. In particular, at large values of thegauge field the spectral transmittance becomes equal to one, even in thepresence of disorder or lattice imperfections. This phenomenon can be referredto as {\it one-way non-Hermitian transparency}. Robust one-way transport can bealso realized in a more realistic setting, namely in heterostructure systems,in which a non-Hermitian disordered lattice is embedded between two homogeneousHermitian lattices. Such a double heterostructure realizes asymmetric(non-reciprocal) wave transmission. A physical implementation of non-Hermtiantransparency, based on light transport in a chain of optical microringresonators, is suggested.

Non-Hermitian transparency and one-way transport in low-dimensional lattices by an imaginary gauge field