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(short version) Accurate determination of the coherent static structurefactor of disordered materials containing proton nuclei is prohibitivelydifficult by neutron diffraction, due to the large incoherent cross section of$^1$H. This notorious problem has set severe obstacles to the structuredetermination of hydrogenous materials up to now, via introducing largeuncertainties into neutron diffraction data processing. Here we present thefirst accurate separate measurements, using polarized neutron diffraction, ofthe coherent and incoherent contributions to the total static structure factorof 5 mixtures of light and heavy water, over an unprecedentedly wide momentumtransfer range. The structure factors of H$_2$O and D$_2$O mixtures derived inthis work may signify the beginning of a new era in the structure determinationof hydrogenous materials, using neutron diffraction.

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

Neutron diffraction of hydrogenous materials: measuring incoherent and  coherent intensities separately from liquid water - a 40-year-old puzzle  solved