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Electronic properties of surface areas decoupled from graphite are studiedusing scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. We show that it ispossible to identify decoupled graphene monolayer, Bernal bilayer, and Bernaltrilayer on graphite surface according to their tunnelling spectra in highmagnetic field. The decoupled monolayer and bilayer exhibit Landau quantizationof massless and massive Dirac fermions, respectively. The substrate generates asizable band gap, ~35 meV, in the Bernal bilayer, therefore, the eightfolddegenerate Landau level at the charge neutrality point is split into twovalley-polarized quartets polarized on each layer. In the decoupled Bernaltrilayer, we find that both massless and massive Dirac fermions coexist and itslow-energy band structure can be described quite well by taking into accountonly the nearest-neighbor intra- and interlayer hopping parameters. A strongcorrelation between the Fermi velocity of the massless Dirac fermions and theeffective mass of the massive Dirac fermions is observed in the trilayer. Ourresult demonstrates that the surface of graphite provides a natural idealplatform to probe the electronic spectra of graphene layers.

Landau Quantization in Graphene Monolayer, Bernal Bilayer, and Bernal Trilayer on Graphite Surface