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The initial stages of interface formation for a real-world ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bi-layer system (iron/manganese nitride) is investigated down to the atomic scale using a combination of molecular beam epitaxy/in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy and first principles theoretical calculations. Sub-monolayer deposition of iron onto manganese nitride nanopyramid surfaces results in an unexpected yet well-ordered structural and magnetic arrangement. It is shown that although the island structures seen in scanning tunneling microscopy images are of single monolayer height, their chemical composition, based on Auger electron spectroscopy, conductance map imaging, and theoretical models, does not consist of iron. It is found theoretically that models that consider iron on the surface of manganese nitride are highly unfavorable. Instead, models with iron atoms incorporated into specific subsurface layers are most stable, in excellent agreement with Auger spectroscopy measurements. Calculations also reveal the magnetic alignment of iron with the manganese nitride layers.

Interface formation for a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer system studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles theory