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Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is typically used to studyonly the occupied electronic band structure of a material. Here we uselaser-based ARPES to observe a feature in bismuth-based superconductors that,in contrast, is related to the unoccupied states. Specifically, we observe adispersive suppression of intensity cutting across the valence band, which,when compared with relativistic one-step calculations, can be traced to twofinal-state gaps in the bands 6 eV above the Fermi level. This finding opens uppossibilities to bring the ultra-high momentum resolution of existinglaser-ARPES instruments to the unoccupied electron states. For cases where thefinal-state gap is not the object of study, we find that its effects can bemade to vanish under certain experimental conditions.

Resolving unoccupied electronic states with laser ARPES in bismuth-based cuprate superconductors