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We present a femtosecond optical pump-probe study of the multiferroicmanganite Eu$_{0.75}$Y$_{0.25}$MnO$_3$. The optical response of the material atpump energies of 1.55 and 3.1 eV is dominated by the $d$-$d$ and $p$-$d$transitions of the Mn$^{3+}$ ions. The relaxation of photoexcited electronsincludes the relaxation of the Jahn-Teller distortion and polaron trapping atMn$^{2+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ sites. Ultrafast switching of superexchangeinteractions due to modulated $e_g$ orbital occupancy creates a localized spinexcitation, which then decays on a time scale of tens of picoseconds at lowtemperatures. The localized spin state decay appears as a tremendous increasein the amplitude of the photoinduced reflectance, due to the strong coupling ofoptical transitions to the spin-spin correlations in the crystalline $a$-$b$plane.

Spin-dependent polaron formation dynamics in Eu$_{0.75}$Y$_{0.25}$MnO$_3$ probed by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy