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We study a hybrid system consisting of a narrowband atomic optical resonanceand the long-range periodic order of an opaline photonic nanostructure. To thisend, we have infiltrated atomic cesium vapor in a thin silica opal photoniccrystal. With increasing temperature, the frequencies of the opal'sreflectivity peaks shift down by >20% due to chemical reduction of the silica.Simultaneously, the photonic bands and gaps shift relative to the fixednear-infrared cesium D1 transitions. As a result the narrow atomic resonanceswith high finesse (f/df=8E5) dramatically change shape from a usual dispersiveshape at the blue edge of a stop gap, to an inverted dispersion lineshape atthe red edge of a stop gap. The lineshape, amplitude, and off-resonancereflectivity are well modeled with a transfer-matrix model that includes thedispersion and absorption of Cs hyperfine transitions and thechemically-reduced opal. An ensemble of atoms in a photonic crystal is anintriguing hybrid system that features narrow defect-like resonances with astrong dispersion, with potential applications in slow light, sensing andoptical memory.

Nanophotonic hybridization of narrow atomic cesium resonances and photonic stop gaps of opaline nanostructures